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Proportion of Urinary Tract Infections, Genital Infections and Ketoacidosis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients on Sodium Glucose Co Transporter-2 Inhibitors in Patients Visiting Tertiary Care Centre

Year: 2026
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are widely used in the management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Although effective in glycaemic control and offering cardiovascular and renal benefits, these agents are associated with an increased risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs), genital infections, and ketoacidosis due to induced glycosuria. Objective: To study the prevalence of urinary tract infections, genital infections, and ketoacidosis in T2DM patients on SGLT2 inhibitors attending a tertiary care centre. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at A.J. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mangaluru, over a period of two years (August 2022–July 2024). A total of 95 patients with T2DM on SGLT2 inhibitors were selected using purposive sampling. After obtaining IEC approval and informed consent, detailed clinical history, examination, urine routine analysis (including ketone bodies), urine culture and sensitivity, and blood investigations (FBS, PPBS, RBS, HbA1c) were performed. Results: The majority of participants were aged 60–69 years (64.2%) with a male predominance (62.1%). Most patients (94.7%) were asymptomatic. Culture-positive UTI was observed in 4.3% of cases, with Escherichia coli (3.2%) being the most common organism followed by Klebsiella (1.1%). Genital infection was noted in 1.1% of patients (balanitis). Mild pyuria (6–8 pus cells/HPF) was observed in 56.8% of participants. The overall prevalence of clinically significant infections was low. Conclusion: The prevalence of urinary tract infections and genital infections among T2DM patients on SGLT2 inhibitors in this study was relatively low, and most cases were asymptomatic. Routine screening, maintenance of glycemic control, and patient education are essential for early detection and prevention of complications. SGLT2 inhibitors remain an effective therapeutic option, though careful monitoring for infections and ketoacidosis is advised, particularly in elderly patients.
Language: English
Field: Medicine
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7218274378
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