Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Superfluidity and Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in ultracold atomic gases represent macroscopic quantum phenomena arising from collective particle behavior at near-zero temperatures. Experimental realizations of BEC in alkali gases have enabled the observation of quantized vortices, matter-wave interference, and nonclassical excitations. This article reviews theoretical frameworks including Gross-Pitaevskii and Bogoliubov models, experimental techniques such as evaporative cooling and optical trapping, and computational approaches for simulating condensate dynamics. Two graphical analyses illustrate the condensate density profile and vortex lattice formation. Understanding these phenomena has implications for quantum simulation, atom interferometry, and exploration of quantum hydrodynamics.
Authors: Farwa Khalid, Mina Vajdi
Institutions: University of Lahore, Quaid-i-Azam University
Language: English
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7220209363