Work

Terahertz liquid networks: a mesoscopic passive architecture for circumventing physical deadlocks in brain–computer interfaces

Year: 2026

Type: review

Abstract: non-line-of-sight multipath scattering and THz-photoacoustic cross-modal transduction. Integrating these mechanisms with passive backscattering fulfills the terabits-per-second (Tbps) absolute bandwidth requirements dictated by full-cortical, high-fidelity motor decoding. For neuromodulation, specific THz photon energies are directed at voltage-gated ion channels to induce targeted non-thermal resonance, mediating precise, subcellular-level interventions devoid of macroscopic current overflow. Through an analysis of typical clinical scenarios-namely, audiovisual perception reconstruction and physical neural injury rehabilitation-this review demonstrates the feasibility of this architecture in resolving the conflict between high-throughput concurrency and stringent physiological constraints. Ultimately, the terahertz liquid network reconfigures the neural interface paradigm from a macroscopic active solid-state to a mesoscopic passive liquid-state. This transition grants the system superior biocompatibility and endows it with disease-modifying potential targeting underlying pathologies, establishing a trajectory for next-generation BCIs.

Source: Nanoscale Advances

DOI: 10.1039/d6na00618c

Authors: Chenyan Zhou, Xinran Ding, Jiamin Zhao, Xuanhao Gu, Zhengyang Xu

Institutions: Nantong University, Nantong Institute of Technology

Language: English

Topic: Neuroscience and Neural Engineering

Subfield: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience

Field: Neuroscience

Domain: Life Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $1,962