Work

Three-dimensional magnetic reconnection in unipolar regions

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Context . Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental mechanism underlying the heating and a wide variety of eruptive phenomena in the solar atmosphere; however, characterizing its 3D aspects remains challenging. Aims . Our aim is to understand how 3D magnetic reconnection in unipolar regions drives localized heating and plasma ejections. Methods . To this end, we used a self-consistent 3D radiation-magnetohydrodynamic simulation of a coronal bright point (CBP) performed with the Bifrost code. We focused on localized, intense heating events and upflows near a unipolar CBP footpoint associated with its parasitic polarity. 3D reconnection diagnostics were carried out using the parallel electric field and its integral along magnetic field lines. We then compared the resulting upflows with spectroscopic observations from Hinode/EIS. Results . We find recurrent episodes of 3D magnetic reconnection without nulls at the footpoints of loops rooted near the CBP’s parasitic polarity. A detailed analysis of one representative event places the reconnection region at heights z ∈ [1.0, 2.5] Mm, within a predominantly vertical magnetic field with localized concentrations of electric current. The dissipation of these currents efficiently heats the plasma to about 2 MK and produces strong gas-pressure gradients that drive upflows of a few tens of km s −1 . Blueshifts observed with Hinode/EIS in Fe XV 284 Å, Fe XII 195 Å, and Fe XII 186 Å near the parasitic polarity of an observed CBP are consistent with this scenario. Conclusions . The recurrence and efficiency of these reconnection events are essential for heating CBP loops to million-degree temperatures. This form of 3D reconnection may operate more generally in the solar atmosphere, dissipating magnetic stress around strong flux concentrations and contributing to heating in apparently unipolar regions. The resulting pressure-driven upflows offer an indirect spectroscopic diagnostic of localized reconnection heating, which future observations with MUSE and Solar-C will be able to test at higher spatial and temporal resolution.

Source: Astronomy and Astrophysics

DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202662789

Authors: Daniel Nóbrega-Siverio, Fernando Moreno-Insertis, Andy S. H. To