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Влияние дефицита витамина D у беременных на перинатальные исходы: систематический обзор литературы

Year: 2026
Type: article
Study design: Systematic Review
Abstract: Relevance: Vitamin D deficiency is widespread among women of reproductive age and is especially common during pregnancy. During this period, the requirement for vitamin D increases, making gestation a critical stage for the development of adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes. However, the available data on its role remains inconsistent, necessitating systematization. The study aimed to assess the impact of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women on perinatal and neonatal outcomes, and to evaluate the clinical significance of 25(OH)D levels as a potential risk factor for adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, eLibrary, and Google Scholar databases. Original studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses evaluating 25(OH)D levels in pregnant women and their association with obstetric and neonatal outcomes were included. Data analysis was performed using a qualitative comparative approach. Results: Vitamin D insufficiency is common among pregnant women in many countries. Low levels of 25(OH)D are associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus. Adverse effects on neonatal outcomes were also observed, including lower birth weight, lower Apgar scores, increased risk of respiratory distress syndrome, and a higher need for intensive care. Data on the association between vitamin D deficiency and preterm birth remain inconsistent. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women is a common condition associated with adverse perinatal and neonatal outcomes. These findings highlight the need to monitor vitamin D status during pregnancy and to develop individualized preventive and therapeutic strategies.
Language: Russian
Field: Medicine
Open Access status: hybrid
OpenAlex ID: W7220644802
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