Generalized multi-energy model for computing radiation treatment parameters on image domain and automated model-selection framework
Year: 2026
Type: review
Abstract: This study developed a general n-energy mathematical model that predicts relative electron density (ρe), effective atomic number (Zef), mean excitation energy (I) and stopping power ratio (SPR) using computed tomography image, and developed an algorithm for best model selection. Mathematical proof is provided. Some numerical examples were carried out and the results were compared. The proposed method includes most of the existing methods as a special case. All the examples of the proposed method considered have modeling error that’s less than or equal to 0.85% and 0.89% for SPR and ρe, respectively, with mean error close to 0.00% and low median absolute error. The method was able to achieve modeling root mean square error of 0.85% and 1.61% for I and Zef, respectively, with some flexibility for improvement. The mathematical model showed to be more general by including most of the other existing models and presents a direction to formulating new ones. It shows little or no bias on prediction since it has mean error that is close to zero in almost all predictions and low median absolute error. The algorithm gives the leverage to select the best model, improve the model and automation.
Source: World Journal of Radiology
DOI: 10.4329/wjr.126287
Author: Charles E Chika
Institution: University of Nigeria
Language: English
Subfield: Radiation
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7220955194