Work

Highly sensitive square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry at H-terminated BDD for ultra-trace fomesafen determination in water and soil

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: The widespread use of pesticides demands sensitive, rapid, and cost-effective analytical methods for environmental monitoring. In this work, the electrochemical behavior of herbicide fomesafen (FMS) was systematically investigated at a boron-doped diamond electrode (BDD). FMS exhibited distinctive electrochemical behavior at the cathodically pretreated BDD surface (CPT-BDD). Cyclic voltammetric studies revealed a previously unreported irreversible, diffusion-controlled anodic oxidation process at approximately 0.38 V that strongly depends on a preceding cathodic reduction step. Exploiting this pathway, a novel square-wave anodic stripping voltammetric (SWASV) method was developed. Experimental parameters were systematically optimized, demonstrating that cathodic pretreatment significantly enhances the analytical response, while the addition of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) substantially improves signal stability and repeatability. Under optimized conditions, the proposed method enabled sensitive quantification of FMS under ambient conditions, eliminating the deoxygenation step required by the previously reported cathodic electrochemical method. The method exhibited two linear concentration ranges, from 22.9 to 123 nmol L −1 and from 123 to 909 nmol L −1 (R > 0.995), achieving a detection limit of 2.49 nmol L −1 and satisfactory precision (RSD < 8.1%). In comparison with reported approaches, this methodology introduces a previously unexplored anodic pathway for FMS determination. These results provide new insights into FMS electrochemistry at cathodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode (CPT-BDD) and demonstrate that SWASV provides high analytical performance, combining high analytical sensitivity with a low LOD for ultra-trace herbicide monitoring.

Source: Talanta Open

DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2026.100695

Authors: André F. Pereira, Christiano C. de Matos, Ricardo F. Brocenschi, Bruna C. Lourencao

Institutions: Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia

Language: English

Topic: Electrochemical Analysis and Applications

Subfield: Electrochemistry

Field: Chemistry

Domain: Physical Sciences

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,190

Funders: Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais