Fault-tolerant quantum computation with static atomic buses
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Efficient quantum error correction and fault-tolerant quantum computing require scalable, high-fidelity long-range connectivity. In neutral-atom quantum computers, this is commonly achieved through atom transport, but shuttling introduces latency and motional heating that worsen with system size. Here, we introduce a neutral-atom architecture based on static atomic buses, in which auxiliary mediator atoms enable long-range entangling operations without qubit transport. The architecture naturally supports long-range stabilizer measurements in high-rate LDPC codes and transversal logical gates between neighboring surface-code patches, enabling a modular framework for efficient logical memories, Clifford computation, and magic-state distillation. To realize these capabilities, we co-design optimal-control protocols for bus-mediated controlled-Z gates that incorporate both microscopic neutral-atom dynamics and architectural constraints. We obtain smooth bus-mediated gates with fidelities approaching 99.9% and durations of a few hundred nanoseconds by combining time-optimal control with interaction-flatness and robustness constraints. Large-scale simulations of quantum error correction and logical entangling operations between neighboring surface-code patches predict more than an order-of-magnitude improvement in logical error rates compared with atom-shuttling architectures under realistic noise. The architecture achieves logical gate times of approximately 100 us and quantum-error-correction cycle times of about 1 ms for code distances d<12. These results establish static atomic buses as a practical alternative to atom shuttling for scalable fault-tolerant neutral-atom quantum computing.
Source: PRX Quantum
DOI: 10.1103/n1ll-yxtt
Language: English
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,450
Awards: G1190173965, G1224407097, G220517111, G2659019386, Quantum technologies: Education and training to fulfill the strategic skill needs of research and industry in France, QLCI-CI: NSF Quantum Leap Challenge Institute for Hybrid Quantum Architectures and Networks, Quantum Science and Nanomaterials, Postdoctoral Fellowship: PRFB: Exploring the linkages between environmental nucleic acids (eNA) and the aquabiome in streams and rivers, G59643002, G6292475267, Atomic Quantum Computing as a Service, G6803667113, G7075332745, European infrastructure for Rydberg Quantum Computing
OpenAlex ID: W7221107485