Work

Optimization of removal of indigo carmine dye by silver–iron oxide bimetallic nanoparticles through response surface methodology modelling: experimental and theoretical mechanistic insights

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: ) under ideal circumstances was 92.21%. Additionally, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model was used to fit the adsorption kinetic results. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm was in line with the composites including in the case of the adsorption isotherms. There have been reports on the parameters of enthalpy, and entropy, and free energy. The random distribution of dye molecules on the iron oxide nanoparticles adsorbent and the exothermic character of dye removal were both demonstrated by thermodynamic data. Computational studies show that, electrostatic interactions between the dye molecules and adsorbent surface functional groups dominated the adsorption process characteristics. The findings indicated that AgFe BNPs could be a viable, affordable, and environmentally friendly adsorbent for industrial effluent containing dyes. This green synthesis method shows promise in treating water pollution by removing organic contaminants while minimizing the use of dangerous chemicals and utilizing plant extract's natural bioactive qualities.

Source: RSC Advances

DOI: 10.1039/d6ra07911c