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Cellulose-based bioplastics for a circular bioeconomy: Properties, applications, market potential, consumer acceptance, and future perspectives

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Cellulose-based bioplastics have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional petroleum-derived plastics, offering a sustainable and eco-friendly solution to the growing environmental concerns associated with plastic waste. Derived from renewable resources such as wood, cotton, and agricultural residues, cellulose bioplastics exhibit biodegradability, biocompatibility, and low environmental impact. Despite their potential, several challenges impede their widespread adoption. Key challenges include the inherent hydrophilicity of cellulose, which affects the mechanical and barrier properties of the bioplastics, and the complex, energy-intensive extraction and processing methods required to convert cellulose into usable forms. Additionally, achieving the desired thermal and mechanical properties for various applications often necessitates the use of additives or blending with other biopolymers, which can complicate the production process and affect biodegradability. Future prospects for cellulose-based bioplastics hinge on advancements in materials science and processing technologies. Innovative approaches such as chemical modifications, nanocellulose reinforcement, and the development of novel cellulose derivatives are being explored to enhance the performance characteristics of cellulose bioplastics. Furthermore, integrating green chemistry principles and improving the scalability of production processes are critical for reducing costs and environmental footprint. Research into the lifecycle assessment and end-of-life scenarios of these bioplastics is essential to ensure their sustainability credentials. Incentivizing research and development, coupled with supportive regulatory frameworks, can accelerate the transition towards cellulose-based bioplastics. Ultimately, these materials hold significant potential to contribute to a circular economy by reducing reliance on fossil fuels, lowering greenhouse gas emissions, and minimizing plastic pollution. The journey towards fully realizing this potential is ongoing, necessitating continuous innovation and commitment to sustainable practices.

Source: Food Research International Translational Research

DOI: 10.1016/j.frintr.2026.100026

Authors: Shilpa S. Selvan, Mahesh Kumar Samota, Ramandeep Kaur, Rakesh Sharda, Amit Nath

Institutions: Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Central Plantation Crops Research Institute

Language: English

Topic: Advanced Cellulose Research Studies

Subfield: Biomaterials

Field: Materials Science

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: Responsible consumption and production, Affordable and clean energy

Open Access status: hybrid

Funder: Indian Council of Agricultural Research