Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: This study examines the relationship between foreign direct investment, exports, and economic growth in Egypt during 1990-2025. Annual data are drawn from the World Bank World Development Indicators database. Economic growth is measured by the annual growth rate of real gross domestic product, while FDI inflows and exports are measured as percentages of GDP. Gross fixed capital formation and inflation are included as control variables. The analysis applies an autoregressive distributed lag model because the variables are integrated at level or first difference and the annual sample is relatively short. Bounds testing is used to examine whether a long-run relationship exists, and the error-correction specification is used to estimate short-run effects. The results show substantial variation in FDI inflows, exports, and inflation over the study period. The paper therefore discusses policies that can improve the growth contribution of FDI, expand export capacity, and support price stability in Egypt.
Source: Acta Innovations
Author: Mohamed A. Elshehawy
Language: English
Subfield: Strategy and Management
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7221503908