El-rakhawi Doctrine of Symbiotic Ecological and Energetic Systems Advanced Energy Storage Via Sodium-ion and Iron-air Batteries Integrated With Supercritical Destruction of Per-and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (pfas)
Year: 2026
Type: book
Abstract: EL-RAKHAWI DOCTRINE OF SYMBIOTIC ECOLOGICAL AND ENERGETIC SYSTEMS: SUMMARY This comprehensive technical monograph presents an integrated solution addressing two existential challenges: long-duration renewable energy storage and complete destruction of PFAS "forever chemicals." Two synergistic technological pillars:(1) Commercial-scale energy storage combining sodium-ion batteries (for rapid 4-hour response) and iron-air batteries (for 100-150 hour ultra-long duration), achieving levelized storage costs of 15-30 dollars/kWh through abundant materials (iron, salt, water, air).(2) Supercritical Water Oxidation (SCWO) reactor with Transpiring Wall design and homogeneous photocatalysis using H2O2, achieving 99.99% PFAS mineralization by cleaving C-F bonds (485 kJ/mol) and converting them to CO2, water, and benign CaF2. Key engineering innovations:- Transpiring Wall Reactor preventing salt plugging and corrosion through porous wall water film- Homogeneous photocatalysis eliminating physical UV components from high-pressure vessels- Post-depressurization fluoride precipitation in separate treatment stage Realistic techno-economic analysis:- CAPEX: 343.9 million dollars- Annual revenue: 328.2 million dollars- IRR: 48.2% (24.8% under adverse scenario)- Payback: 2.16 years- Carbon-negative facility avoiding 2.5 million tons CO2 equivalent Comprehensive IP protection framework covering copyright, 6 patent applications, moral rights, trade secrets, and trademarks under international conventions (Berne, PCT, TRIPS). Author: Dr. Mohamed Kamal Arafa El-RakhawiDOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23315148License: CC BY 4.0 with mandatory attribution
Author: el-rakhawi, mohamed kamal arafa
Language: English
Subfield: Energy Engineering and Power Technology
Field: Energy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7221559993