Quantum dot sensors for heavy metal detection: from mechanistic design to field deployment: a review
Year: 2026
Type: review
Abstract: . In parallel, emerging eco-friendly alternatives, including carbon-based and heteroatom-doped QDs, are evaluated as sustainable substitutes to toxic Cd- and Pb-based systems, demonstrating competitive optical performance and improved biocompatibility. The review further examines practical considerations often overlooked, including matrix interference, reproducibility, long-term stability, and scalability. Strategies for translation from laboratory prototypes to real-world deployment are discussed, with focus on regulatory validation (IUPAC protocols, NIST standards), scalable manufacturing approaches, and cost-effective sensor design. Finally, future directions are outlined, emphasizing integration with artificial intelligence, IoT-enabled monitoring systems, and multiplexed sensing platforms aligned with ASSURED criteria. By bridging fundamental materials design with application-driven challenges, this work provides a roadmap for advancing QD-based sensors toward reliable, scalable, and commercially viable solutions for global heavy metal monitoring.
Source: RSC Advances
DOI: 10.1039/d6ra06857j
Institutions: Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani - Goa Campus, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Banasthali University, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University
Language: English
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $1,042
Award: G3116975872
OpenAlex ID: W7221575094