Work

The relationship between objective and subjective social isolation and well-being: a national cross-sectional survey in Wales

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Introduction: Social isolation is increasingly recognised as a public health issue with wide ranging impacts on health and well-being. However, research examining links with health and well-being often focuses on subjective or objective forms of isolation without considering combined associations. Methods: = 2,042 residents aged 16 + years). Data included measures of subjective and objective social isolation, four well-being outcomes (low life satisfaction, low feeling that life is worthwhile, low happiness and high anxiety) and participant socio-demographics, including disability status. Results: 4.9% of participants were objectively socially isolated, 20.8% were subjectively socially isolated, and 7.3% were both (combined objective and subjective). Combined objective and subjective isolation related to increased likelihood of poorer outcomes in all four well-being outcomes, followed by subjective social isolation and then objective social isolation, in comparison to no social isolation. Levels of combined objective and subjective social isolation were highest in those aged 50-69, and those with a disability. Discussion: The relationship between combined objective and subjective isolation and poor well-being is stronger than for either form of social isolation alone, highlighting that individuals who experience both forms of isolation should be considered most in need of support.

Source: Frontiers in Public Health

DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1918382

Authors: Carys Dale, Sara Wood, Catherine A. Sharp, Karen Hughes

Institutions: Public Health Wales, World Health Organization, Bangor University

Language: English

Topic: Health disparities and outcomes

Subfield: Health

Field: Social Sciences

Domain: Social Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,801