Work

Pharmaceutical residues in food samples: occurrence, toxicity, fluorescence quenching mechanisms, and analysis using carbon dot-based fluorescent probes

Year: 2026

Type: review

Abstract: Carbon dots (CDs) are an important class of carbon-based nanomaterials and represent a relatively new type of fluorescent nanomaterial that has attracted extensive research interest. Their popularity has increased rapidly due to several advantageous characteristics, including low toxicity, chemical stability, tunable fluorescence behavior, good water solubility, and favorable physicochemical properties. Owing to these features, CDs have been widely explored as sensing materials for the detection of various targets. In this review, pharmaceutical residues in food samples and their associated toxicity are discussed, along with the fluorescence sensing mechanisms and applications of CD-based sensors for the detection of a lot of pharmaceutical drugs in food samples, including tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, sulfonamides, metronidazole, moxifloxacin, penicillin and others. Finally, the future prospects of using CDs for pharmaceutical analysis in food samples are also reviewed.

Source: RSC Advances

DOI: 10.1039/d6ra08144d

Author: Kawan F. Kayani

Institutions: Kurdistan Regional Government, University of Sulaimani

Language: English

Topic: Carbon and Quantum Dots Applications

Subfield: Materials Chemistry

Field: Materials Science

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $1,042