Work

Centralized Fault-Location and PMU Placement Strategies in Weakly Observable Grids: A Comprehensive Review

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: This review addresses the critical challenge of ensuring electrical power system reliability through optimized wide area measurement system architecture and centralized fault management. The primary contribution of this study is a systematic comparative synthesis of optimal phasor measurement unit placement strategies and centralized fault localization methods tailored specifically for weakly observable networks. The paper critically evaluates the mathematical foundations, computational constraints, and trade-offs of both deterministic optimization techniques and non-deterministic data-driven algorithms (heuristic, metaheuristic, and machine learning). Furthermore, we establish a unified framework for data preprocessing workflows within Phasor Data Concentrators, identifying how noise filtering and missing value recovery impact downstream diagnostic accuracy. Based on a rigorous cross-analysis of literature benchmarks on IEEE test systems, this review demonstrates that hybrid frameworks combining digital signal processing with machine learning yield superior real-time adaptability. Finally, we map out a targeted research agenda focusing on next-generation grid maintenance, including advanced relay protection monitoring and anomaly detection for non-technical losses.

Source: Mathematics

DOI: 10.3390/math14203703

Authors: Mihail Senyuk, Svetlana Beryozkina, Andrey Pazderin, Ismoil Odinaev, Murodbek Safaraliev

Institutions: Ural Federal University, American University of the Middle East

Language: English

Topic: Power System Optimization and Stability

Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDG: Industry, innovation and infrastructure

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,137