Work

Multidomain Solar Extreme-ultraviolet Image Translation and Its Application to Differential Emission Measure Analysis

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: We develop five multidomain models for solar extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) image translation, investigate their dependence on input data and solar cycle phase, and apply them to differential emission measure (DEM) analysis. Using Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) data from 2011 to 2025, our models generate the six optically thin Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) EUV images from five input configurations using an optically thin EUV image, a magnetogram (MAG), and a 304 Å image: EUV-only, EUV+MAG, EUV+304, MAG-only, and 304-only. They achieve performance comparable to one-to-one models while reducing the required number of models from 102 to 5. The overall performance ranking is EUV+304 > EUV+MAG > EUV-only > 304-only > MAG-only, with average correlation coefficient values of 0.93, 0.92, 0.91, 0.89, and 0.78, respectively. The ranking is preserved across solar cycle phases, although all configurations perform better during the rising and declining phases than during the minimum and maximum phases. These results show that our EUV+304 model achieves the best overall performance and provides data-driven support for this channel combination in spaceborne observatories. Using SDO/AIA observations, we confirm that AI-generated EUV images can be used for DEM analysis. We then apply our models to limited-channel observations from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory, STEREO-A, and Solar Orbiter. DEMs derived with AI-generated EUV images are closer to the six-channel SDO/AIA reference DEM than those derived from the limited channels alone. We further show that our models can improve DEM analysis of pre-SDO observations, as evaluated against Hinode/X-Ray Telescope observations. We expect that our multidomain models could be effectively used for DEM analysis of limited-channel observations.

Source: The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series

DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/aea40d

Authors: Mingyu Jeon, Daeil Kim, Junmu Youn, Yong-Jae Moon

Institution: Kyung Hee University

Language: English

Topic: Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics

Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics

Field: Physics and Astronomy

Domain: Physical Sciences

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $4,499