A 4D $T^\prime$-expanded lattice QCD equation of state with a multi-dimensional 3D-Ising-type critical contribution
Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Abstract: Inferring the possible existence and location of a critical point on the QCD phase diagram through experimental observations requires equations of state that include both lattice QCD constraints and critical behavior. In this manuscript, we present the first four-dimensional equation of state in the $(T,μ_B,μ_Q,μ_S)$ space combining the lattice 4D $T^\prime$-Expansion Scheme with a critical contribution mapped from the 3D Ising model. We extend the earlier two-dimensional construction, the so-called Ising 2D-TExS in the $(T, μ_B)$ plane, promoting the critical point to a parametrizable critical surface in the full four-dimensional thermodynamic space. Our framework provides a family of equations of state to systematically study the effects of criticality in realistic hydrodynamic simulations with $BQS$ conserved charges, going beyond the case of strangeness neutrality, by varying the geometry of the critical surface and the strength of criticality at finite $μ_B$, $μ_Q$ and $μ_S$ separately.
Source: arXiv (Cornell University)
Language: English
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
Awards: Frameworks: MUSES, Modular Unified Solver of the Equation of State, DENSE AND BARYON RICH MATTER, G5421637657, G5856846904, G643508668, G65526061, G6963269962, Nuclear Physics from Multi-Messenger Mergers (NP3M), G8147714465, Properties of Strongly Interacting Matter at Finite Density from First Principles, G8590638883, Nuclear Physics from Multi-Messenger Mergers (NP3M), Nuclear Physics from Multi-Messenger Mergers (NP3M), Hot and Dense Quark-Gluon Plasma from First Principles
OpenAlex ID: W7221764179