Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Abstract: The vortex structures in the momentum distributions of multiple particle-antiparticle pairs produced from the vacuum by a spatially uniform, time-varying electric field with arbitrary polarization are investigated using the Bogoliubov transformation. For linearly polarized fields, as the field strength increases, the nodal lines in the multi-pair momentum distribution break up into vortex-antivortex pairs in both the bosonic and fermionic cases. Each vortex carries a topological charge that is an integer multiple of the single-pair vortex topological charge. For circular polarization, a central vortex appears at all field strengths. For bosons, its topological charge is an integer multiple of the single-pair vortex topological charge; for fermions, it is an integer multiple of the vortex topological charge for single-pair production with zero total spin projection along the field propagation direction. For elliptical polarization with suitable ellipticity, discrete vortices coexist with a central vortex. In this case, however, the integer-multiple relation for fermions generally fails because the two-pair production amplitude is a determinant and spin-channel contributions are separated in momentum space. These results provide a theoretical basis for understanding the vortex topology of multi-pair production in strong-field QED and for its potential control.
Source: arXiv (Cornell University)
Authors: Li, Z. L., Jiang, R. Z.
Institution: China University of Mining and Technology - Beijing
Language: English
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
Awards: G2167302255, G6211540165, G8010934427
OpenAlex ID: W7221815889