Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Abstract: Can collective quantum-noise measurements distinguish different mode temperatures from one common temperature when the coupling spectrum is unknown? For stationary Gaussian oscillator environments, we derive a sharp bandwidth threshold for an exact thermal alias on the integer-time sampling lattice. The threshold depends on temperature order through the quantum response. For frequencies within the first alias period, fixing sufficient integer-time correlations makes one additional fractional-time fluctuation observation enough to exclude every common-temperature fit. A calibrated second pulse width provides another route through the same collective port: both widths must probe one spectrum and retain their measured variance scales. For a specified two-mode example, continuous-frequency certificates cover all common temperatures and uncertainty in a shared pulse ramp. A binary-readout protocol combines randomly interleaved matched references with collective-variance and coherence checks to handle Gaussian oscillator loss and predictable readout drift. The selected fractional-clock and two-width designs require approximately $3.8\times10^7$ and $1.6\times10^8$ outcomes for at most 5\% type-I error and at least 95\% power on the stated alternative class. These theoretical and numerical acquisition guarantees assume independently validated preparation, spectral support and control specifications; validation costs are additional. The result identifies which new observation makes thermal-model testing informative when mode-resolved access is unavailable.
Source: arXiv (Cornell University)
Authors: Wang, Zi-Xuan, Deng, Xiu-Hao
Language: English
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7221830360