Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Abstract: Emil Artin asked whether the left and right dimensions of an extension of skew fields must agree. Cohn and Schofield gave counterexamples through elaborate constructions. Call a division ring index-symmetric if every division subring with at least one finite index has equal finite indices. It has been a long-standing open question whether there exists an index-symmetric division ring that is infinite-dimensional over its center. We give the first such examples: using a duality formula for bimodules over division algebras, we prove that every twisted Calabi--Yau division algebra is index-symmetric. This applies to the Weyl skew fields and, more generally, to the quotient division rings of rings of differential operators on smooth affine varieties in characteristic zero, to quantum skew fields, to the quotient division rings of noetherian AS-regular Hopf domains, and to the quotient and degree-zero division rings of three- and four-dimensional elliptic Sklyanin algebras, which we show to be twisted Calabi--Yau. In particular, every division ring on Artin's list of noncommutative surfaces is index-symmetric.
Source: arXiv (Cornell University)
Authors: Lauritzen, Niels, Thomsen, Jesper Funch
Institution: Aarhus University
Language: English
Topic: Rings, Modules, and Algebras
Subfield: Algebra and Number Theory
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7221834754