Machine Learning–Assisted Fluorescent Eu@ZnMOF for the Enoxacin and Glyphosate Detection in Food by Suppressing Sensitization and Ligand–Metal Charge Transfer
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: ABSTRACT The antibiotics and pesticides in the ecosystem environment, owing to their extensive application in veterinary medicine and insecticides, present a significant hazard to public health. Herein, we developed a novel bimetallic metal‐organic framework (MOF) as a ratiometric fluorescent sensor for the simultaneous monitoring of enoxacin (ENX) and glyphosate (GLY). To fabricate a dual‐responsive probe, we synthesized the ZnMOF by reacting Zn 2+ ions with the ligands (2,2′‐bipyridine‐5,5′‐dicarboxylic acid, 8‐hydroxyquinoline, and 2‐aminoterephthalic acid). Subsequently, the bimetallic Eu@ZnMOF was synthesized by loading europium (Eu 3+ ) ions into the ZnMOF based on the coordination with the 2,2′‐bipyridine‐5,5′‐dicarboxylic acid sites. The Eu@ZnMOF‐based detection system exhibits a distinct green emission due to the suppression of excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer in 8‐hydroxyquinoline by Zn 2+ ions. In the detection system, ENX enhances the red emission of Eu@ZnMOF by sensitizing Eu 3+ ions. Accordingly, the ENX fluorescent sensing system was fabricated. Moreover, ENX‐modified Eu@ZnMOF was fabricated. Upon the addition of GLY, suppression of sensitization and ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer (LMCT) occurs, which quenches the red emission of Eu 3+ and boosts the blue emission, resulting in a distinct color transition from red to blue. The ratiometric fluorescent sensor allows detection limits of 0.05 and 0.10 mg/L for ENX and GLY, respectively. Moreover, we integrated this material into a microfluidic chip. By combining this platform with smartphone imaging and machine learning algorithms, we constructed a rapid detection protocol capable of simultaneous multi‐sample analysis. These results demonstrate the promising application potential of Eu@ZnMOF for advanced environmental and food‐safety testing.
Source: Food Frontiers
DOI: 10.1002/fft2.70377
Authors: Ze Li, Yan Man, Qingju Liu, Jilong Han, Zhikun Zhang
Language: English
Subfield: Inorganic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,700
OpenAlex ID: W7222128702