Episode of epidemic thunderstorm asthma in Shanxi China September 2025: epidemiological characteristics, mechanisms, and emergency management strategies
Year: 2026
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Background In September 2025, our emergency department (ED) experienced a sudden influx of 39 asthmatic patients following a thunderstorm. Based on our data, we summarized demographic features of the 39 patients, reviewed literature to describe thunderstorm asthma pathogenesis, and compiled patients’ emergency management processes. Method This was a retrospective observational study. Clinical data were collected from electronic medical records and subsequent follow-up. Data were summarized and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Following standardized management, all patients were successfully managed, ensuring their safety. In this study, male patients accounted for a slightly higher proportion than females. The mean age of the 39 patients was 31.62 ± 12.86 years. The vast majority of patients had a history of allergic rhinitis. Laboratory tests revealed elevated peripheral blood eosinophil counts in some patients. The primary medications administered for thunderstorm asthma included inhaled corticosteroid, short-acting muscarinic antagonists, and short-acting β 2 -adrenergic agonist. Discussion This study indicates that thunderstorm-related asthma in northern China predominantly occurs in early autumn, with Artemisia pollen as the major allergen. In terms of pathogenesis, thunderstorms induce rupture of Artemisia pollen and release tiny allergenic particles that are inhaled into the airway. Antigens are presented by dendritic cells to activate CD4⁺, Th2 cells, which secrete cytokines such as IL-4 and initiate IgE-mediated allergic inflammation, thereby triggering acute asthma attacks. Meteorological early warning and preventive strategies, as well as hospital-based specialized emergency systems are required.
Source: Frontiers in Medicine
Language: English
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,801
OpenAlex ID: W7222464145