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Toynbee's Challenge-and-Response Theory Revisited: An Anno Mathematical History (AMH) Approach

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: This paper presents a mathematical reformulation of Arnold Toynbee's Challenge-and-Response theory using the Anno Mathematical History (AMH) framework. Civilizational dynamics are represented through state variables of Extraction (G), Redistribution (R), and Developmental Potential (P), providing a quantitative interpretation of growth, stagnation, and decline within a unified historical system.

Source: Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23452206

Author: 安濃, 豊

Language: English

Topic: Philosophy, History, and Historiography

Subfield: History

Field: Arts and Humanities

Domain: Social Sciences

Open Access status: green

OpenAlex ID: W7222872197

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