Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Abstract: Stochastic oscillations are commonly identified through peaks in their power spectra, yet the fundamental limits on their strength and energetic cost remain unclear. Here we establish universal dynamical and thermodynamic bounds on oscillation efficiency in Markov networks, showing how finite state spaces constrain spectral peak enhancement. In particular, we demonstrate that networks maximizing modal coherence need not maximize oscillation efficiency. We further derive dissipation bounds that connect oscillation efficiency to the relaxation speed and stationary probabilities, revealing an unavoidable energetic cost of maintaining pronounced oscillations at a specified relaxation timescale. These bounds remain strictly positive in regimes where existing explicit spectral dissipation estimates vanish, with stronger constraints for normal networks and uniform rings. Our results distinguish spectral oscillatory strength from modal coherence and reveal how network dynamics and thermodynamic dissipation jointly limit stochastic oscillations.
Source: arXiv (Cornell University)
Author: Jia, Chen
Institution: Harbin Institute of Technology
Language: English
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
Award: G355472857
OpenAlex ID: W7222923703