Work

Two-photon Doppler-free spectroscopy of the 6 s 2 S 0 1 → 6 s 23 s S 0 1 Rydberg transition for quantum sensing in ytterbium

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Here we report atomic structure calculations and experimental observations of the two-photon $6s^2\;^1S_0 \rightarrow 6s23s\;^1S_0$ transition in Yb. The unique level structure of Yb places the $6s6p\;^1P_1$ state's energy at $\approx\!49.7\%$ of the ionization energy, which facilitates two-photon Doppler-free excitation of the $6s23s\;^1S_0$ Rydberg state from the $6s^2\;^1S_0$ ground state at a relatively low optical intensity. This $J= 0 \rightarrow J=0$ transition is immune to first-order Zeeman and electric quadrupole shifts, has reduced sensitivity to higher-order Zeeman shifts, and is further predicted to have relatively low sensitivity to density shifts. Using configuration interaction theory, we compute relevant properties of the $6s23s\;^1S_0$ Rydberg state for sensing, including the $C_6$ coefficient, dc polarizability, blackbody radiation (BBR) shift, and BBR depopulation rate. As a first experimental step, we demonstrate two-photon Doppler-free spectroscopy of the $6s^2\;^1S_0 \rightarrow 6s23s\;^1S_0$ transition. From our experimental spectra, we estimate the natural linewidth (lifetime) of the $6s23s\;^1S_0$ state to be 90 kHz (1.8 $μ$s). We believe this transition, or other $6s^2\;^1S_0 \rightarrow 6sns\;^1S_0$ transitions in Yb with $n\approx23$, may find use in a variety of sensing applications, potentially including a two-photon clock, electrometer, or BBR thermometer.

Source: Physical Review A

DOI: 10.1103/v16l-synk