Foreground Groups and Host-Galaxy Geometry in the Dispersion-Measure Scatter of Fast Radio Bursts
Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Abstract: Localized fast radio bursts (FRBs) show substantial scatter in dispersion measure (DM) about the mean cosmic DM--redshift relation, also known as the Macquart relation. Both foreground structure and host galaxies contribute to this scatter. In this work, we examine foreground tracers and host galaxy properties using a parent catalog of 136 localized FRBs with measured DMs and spectroscopic host redshifts. Among 77 FRBs within the Gfinder footprint, DM excess relative to a fixed Macquart mean increases with foreground group count excess, with a Spearman coefficient of 0.459. Adding the foreground term to a mean host baseline reduces the leave-one-out root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) in extragalactic DM by \(13.0\%\) and \(7.5\%\), respectively. For 20 of these FRBs with optical host axis ratio measurements, adding a foreground term calibrated on the other 57 FRBs to the host shape model reduces the observer-frame leave-one-out RMSE from \(76.3\) to \(64.0~\mathrm{pc\,cm^{-3}}\) and MAE from \(54.2\) to \(50.2~\mathrm{pc\,cm^{-3}}\). And the in-sample residual standard deviation in the host rest frame decreases by \(20.2\%\). Idealized galaxy models based on the Milky Way electron density distribution produce DM changes with inclination comparable to the fitted amplitude under the adopted assumptions.
Source: arXiv (Cornell University)
Authors: Wang, Jiale, Fang, Taotao
Institution: Xiamen University
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7222968223