Work

Metabolic risk factors for fungal ball sinusitis in perimenopausal women

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Objectives Rising incidence of fungal ball sinusitis (FBS) is frequently observed in perimenopausal women. This study aimed to explore the relationships between TyG-BMI, HDL-C and FBS in this specific population. Study design This single-center retrospective study enrolled FBS patients from 2015 to 2025. Perimenopausal women aged 45–60 years were selected as the study subjects, and patients with chronic non-fungal sinusitis (CNFS) were selected as the control group. Biochemical indicators were compared, and participants were stratified by TyG-BMI quartiles. Logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors, and ROC curves were applied to assess predictive efficiency. Results The cases of FBS showed an increasing trend. The patients were predominantly middle-aged and elderly individuals, and the proportion of female patients was significantly higher than that of males (63.96% vs. 36.04%), with the peak age of female morbidity concentrated between 45 and 60 years. Intergroup comparison demonstrated that the FBS group had significantly lower HDL-C levels and significantly higher TyG and TyG-BMI values than the CNFS group. With the elevation of TyG-BMI quartiles, the HDL-C level decreased progressively, accompanied by a significantly rising trend in the prevalence of FBS ( P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis confirmed that HDL-C and quartile of TyG-BMI were independent influence factors for FBS in perimenopausal women ( P = 0.008, OR = 0.482,95%CI:0.282–0.823; P = 0.04, OR = 1.192, 95%CI:1.008–1.409; respectively). ROC analysis revealed that the combined model of TyG-BMI and HDL-C exhibited limited predictive value for FBS. Conclusion The incidence of FBS has been increasing annually, especially in perimenopausal women. Decreased HDL-C and elevated TyG-BMI are independent metabolic risk factors for FBS in perimenopausal women. Targeted metabolic monitoring and early intervention may be associated with lower FBS risk.

Source: Frontiers in Allergy

DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2026.1900638