Influence of surface-conditioning strategies on the shear bond strength of veneering ceramic to aged and non-aged zirconia frameworks fabricated with milling and 3D-printing
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: PURPOSE: study was to investigate how various surface-conditioning strategies and thermal aging affect the shear bond strength (SBS) of aged and non-aged zirconia frameworks fabricated through different techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 208 rectangular frameworks were fabricated by computer numerical control (CNC) and lithography-based ceramic manufacturing (LCM) techniques. The specimens were randomly allocated into 4 groups according to the surface-conditioning strategy applied on the veneering surface: no surface conditioning (C), airborne-particle abrasion (APA), tribochemical silica-coating (TSC), and grinding (GRD). Surface topographies were scrutinized under a scanning electron microscope, surface roughness (Ra) was measured, and the SBS test was performed. Failure patterns were evaluated. Data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). RESULTS: < .001 for all). CONCLUSION: Surface-conditioning strategy had the greatest influence on zirconia-veneer bond performance, with TSC producing the highest SBS values regardless of fabrication technique. Although LCM exhibited statistically higher SBS values than CNC, this difference was modest and both techniques demonstrated comparable bond performance from a practical perspective. LCM specimens also exhibited higher surface roughness than CNC specimens.
Authors: Selin Çakır, Özay Önöral
Institution: Near East University
Language: English
Subfield: General Dentistry
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7223003072