Work

Acute respiratory distress syndrome subphenotypes: the translational path from pathobiology to precision medicine

Year: 2026

Type: review

Abstract: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a highly heterogeneous critical illness syndrome lacking effective targeted therapies, partly due to the diverse patient population. Subphenotype research aims to identify homogeneous patient subgroups sharing common biological, physiological, or clinical characteristics, enabling prognostic and predictive enrichment. This review systematically summarizes current ARDS subphenotype research, from pathobiological mechanisms to multidimensional identification based on etiology, imaging, biomarkers, respiratory mechanics, and transcriptomics. We highlight evidence for differential prognoses and treatment responses across subphenotypes, including variable effects of neuromuscular blockade, corticosteroids, and prone positioning. We further discuss challenges and future directions in translating subphenotype classification into bedside practice. This article provides a theoretical framework and practical guidance for advancing precision medicine in ARDS.

Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology

DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2026.1947054

Authors: Han Shao, Tingting Bai, Tongtong Zhang, Yanyan Qiao, Yanyan Li

Institutions: Tang Du Hospital, Air Force Medical University

Language: English

Topic: Respiratory Support and Mechanisms

Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,801