Work

Odorant profiling in beer: a detailed evaluation of often overlooked SPME extraction parameters

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Solid Phase Microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (SPME–GC–MS) has become a widely used tool for food, including beer volatilome analysis; however, critical extraction parameters influencing reproducibility, representativeness, and data interpretation are often insufficiently considered. In this study, we systematically investigate the impact of selected, frequently overlooked SPME parameters on the profiling of beer aroma compounds, using a commercial lager beer as a model matrix. The effects of sample volume, extraction time, degassing procedure, and repeated extractions from a single vial were evaluated using representative volatile analytes differing in polarity and volatility, as well as through non-targeted aroma profiling. This work provides experimental evidence that seemingly minor SPME parameters can profoundly influence beer aroma analysis. The findings emphasize the necessity of deliberate experimental design and a thorough understanding of SPME fundamentals to ensure reliable qualitative and quantitative interpretation of volatile profiles in complex food matrices.

Source: Scientific Reports

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-75340-3

Authors: Martyna N. Wieczorek, Aleksandra Olczyk, Henryk. H. Jeleń

Institution: Poznań University of Life Sciences

Language: English

Topic: Analytical chemistry methods development

Subfield: Analytical Chemistry

Field: Chemistry

Domain: Physical Sciences

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,690

Funders: Narodowe Centrum Nauki, Narodowym Centrum Nauki