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P2226 alleviates respiratory inflammation and depression related behaviors with modulation of cytokines and gut microbiota in mice

Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Many patients with allergic rhinitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) suffer from depression. Gut dysbiosis has been implicated in respiratory inflammation through the gut–lung axis. Based on these findings, we investigated whether P2226, a mixture of Lactococcus lactis P22 and Bifidobacterium longum P26, could alleviate ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis, pancreatic elastase-induced COPD-related symptoms, and combined ovalbumin/pancreatic elastase-induced respiratory inflammation, together with associated depressive-related behavioral changes in mice. Oral administration of P2226 significantly improved allergic rhinitis- and COPD-related symptoms and depressive-related behavioral changes, reduced TNF-α, IL-4, IL-17, and total IgE levels, restored IL-10 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, suppressed NF-κB-positive cell populations, and increased BDNF-positive neurons. P2226 also partially attenuated gut dysbiosis by decreasing the relative abundance of Rikenellaceae and Odoribacteraceae. Furthermore, fecal microbiota transplantation from combined ovalbumin/pancreatic elastase-exposed mice induced respiratory inflammatory symptoms, which were alleviated by P2226. In vitro, P2226 suppressed TNF-α expression in macrophages and the differentiation of splenic T cells into Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells while promoting IL-10 expression and Treg cell differentiation. Collectively, these findings suggest that P2226 alleviates allergic rhinitis-like inflammation, COPD-like lung injury, and their associated depression-like behaviors, accompanied by modulation of cytokines and gut microbiota.
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-75749-w
Language: English
Field: Medicine
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,690
OpenAlex ID: W7223044149
FWCI:
Cites: 39
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Related to: 10