Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Abstract: Hot Jupiters are typically thought to be "lonely", but a small and growing subset of them have been found to have nearby planets in the same system. We present the discovery of a new member of this class of systems, TOI-3686. TOI-3686 c is a hot Jupiter with $P_\mathrm{orb} = 5.078$ days detected by NASA's TESS mission that shows peak-to-peak transit timing variations (TTVs) of 40 minutes, amongst the largest ever observed for a hot Jupiter. A subsequent search of the TESS data revealed the transits of a second planet, TOI-3686 b, a sub-Neptune with $P_\mathrm{orb} = 2.54$~days and peak-to-peak TTVs of 10 hours, $\sim 16\%$ of its orbital period. We characterized the system through photodynamical modeling of photometry from TESS and ground-based facilities, as well as radial velocity measurements from the NEID and MAROON-X spectrographs. We find that the two planets in the TOI-3686 system are deep in a 2:1 mean-motion resonance, making this the only hot Jupiter system currently known to be in a truly resonant configuration, which may be related to its $\lesssim1$~Gyr system age. Systems like TOI-3686 likely formed through a dynamically quiescent pathway and were captured into resonance after migration through a disk, and may represent the high-mass end of processes that occur in compact systems of smaller planets.
Source: arXiv (Cornell University)
Authors: Yee, Samuel W., Dziire, Tarisai, Collins, Karen A., Bouma, Luke G., Tamayo, Daniel, Petigura, Erik A., Bieryla, Allyson, Latham, David W., Quinn, Samuel N., Winn, Joshua N., Hartman, Joel D., Safonov, Boris S., Forés-Toribio, Raquel, Muñoz, Jose A., Barkaoui, Khalid, Schwarz, Richard P., Wilkin, Francis P., Benni, Paul, Bernacki, Krzysztof, Chazov, Nikita, Hintz, Eric G., Hizmo, Glauk, Iwaszek, George, Popowicz, Adam, Raetz, Manfred, Serra-Ricart, Miquel, Srdoc, Gregor, Stephens, Denise C., Williams, Joseph, Bozza, Valerio, Burkhonov, Otabek, Dymock, Roger, Ergashev, Salokhiddin Sh., Fischer, Karen, Gardner-Watkins, Cristilyn N., Horta, Ferran Grau, Lark, Adam, Linnenkohl, Katherine, Mason, Ken, Michaels, Edward J., Mitchem, Owen A. J., Pritchard, Seth M., Sgro, Lauren A., Thomas, Neil B., Vanaverbeke, Siegfried, Vuylsteke, Pieter, Audenaert, Jeroen, Horne, Keith, Murgas, Felipe, Nabbie, Emma, Palle, Enric, Sefako, Ramotholo, Shporer, Avi
Institutions: University of California, Los Angeles, Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian, New York University Shanghai, California Institute of Technology, Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvey Mudd College, Princeton University, Lomonosov Moscow State University, The Ohio State University, Universitat de València, Union College, Silesian University of Technology, Ural Federal University, Brigham Young University, American Association of Variable Star Observers, Bundesdeutsche Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Veränderliche Sterne, Academy of Sciences Republic of Uzbekistan, University of Salerno, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, Ulugh Beg Astronomical Institute, British Astronomical Association, Samarkand State University named after Sharof Rashidov, University of Oregon, Hamilton College, Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, United States Air Force Academy, KU Leuven, University of St Andrews, Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, South African Astronomical Observatory
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
Funders: National Science Foundation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, California Institute of Technology, Pennsylvania State University, University of Warwick, European Commission, Macquarie University, Universität Heidelberg, Universität Wien, Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, KU Leuven, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Stockholms Universitet, Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações, Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Science Mission Directorate, European Regional Development Fund, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Integrated Electronics Engineering Center, Binghamton University
OpenAlex ID: W7223137856