Year: 2026
Type: review
Abstract: HCLS1-associated protein X-1 (HAX1) is widely expressed in human tissues and was first identified as a binding partner of hematopoietic cell-specific protein 1. Through interactions with proteins and RNAs, HAX1 regulates gene expression and contributes to cell survival and cytoskeletal remodeling. Recent studies have reported increased HAX1 expression in several malignant tumors, including breast, gastric, colorectal, and other cancers, where it promotes cell survival, proliferation, migration, and invasion. It also supports angiogenesis, hypoxic adaptation, and resistance to anticancer treatment. Noncoding RNAs and ubiquitination regulate HAX1 abundance and molecular state, influencing its cellular functions. Clinical evidence links HAX1 expression and subcellular localization to aggressive clinicopathological features and poor patient outcomes. This supports HAX1 as both a prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target. This review summarizes the molecular characteristics and regulation of HAX1, and examines how its interactions contribute to tumor progression. It also discusses the implications for cancer prognosis and treatment. Future research should focus on clinical validation and further investigation of HAX1 interactions to guide selective therapeutic targeting.
Source: Frontiers in Oncology
Authors: Tonglin Sun, Dan Xu, Tianci Zhou, Feng Luo, Yan Zhang
Language: English
Subfield: Cancer Research
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,801
OpenAlex ID: W7223141650