Work

Fatigue risk management in commercial aviation pilots: The impact and use of controlled rest

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Pilot fatigue remains a significant safety concern in commercial aviation and is increasingly addressed through Fatigue Risk Management Systems (FRMS). This study examined fatigue prevalence among airline pilots and evaluated Controlled Rest (CR) as a fatigue mitigation strategy within an FRMS framework. Results indicated the presence of fatigue among surveyed pilots, with a mean Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) score of 5.24. A substantial proportion of pilots reported operating while fatigued, submitting fatigue reports, and experiencing fatigue-related errors. Controlled Rest was generally perceived as an effective and safe countermeasure when conducted according to established procedures. However, formalized CR procedures and operational use were reported by only a limited proportion of pilots. The presence of documented CR procedures was not associated with lower fatigue levels, suggesting that documentation alone is insufficient without effective implementation, training, and organizational support. In the absence of formal CR, pilots reported adopting informal fatigue mitigation strategies, while access to onboard rest facilities remained limited. Fatigue levels were associated with sleep duration, flight time, and overnight operations. These findings highlight the importance of integrating Controlled Rest within a comprehensive FRMS, emphasizing implementation, training, and organizational commitment to effectively mitigate pilot fatigue and enhance operational safety.

Source: Journal of Air Transport Management

DOI: 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2026.103146

Authors: Gustavo M. Borges, Julio C. da Silva, Gleidson A. dos Reis, Luís F.F.M. Santos, Leandro B. Magalhães