Work

Surface Roughness and Color Stability of S-PRG Giomer Flowable Restoratives Versus Nanofill Resin Composites After Simulated Toothbrushing: An In Vitro Study

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: This in vitro study compared surface roughness (Ra) and CIEDE2000 color change (ΔE00) of two giomer flowables with surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler, Beautifil Flow Plus F00 and Beautifil Flow Plus X F00, and two nanofill resin composites, Filtek Supreme Ultra Flowable and the packable Filtek Supreme Ultra Universal, during simulated toothbrushing. Ten discs per material were cured against glass without finishing or polishing and brushed for 10,000 linear cycles at 2.5 N. Ra and color were measured at baseline and every 2500 cycles; scanning electron microscopy illustrated the surfaces. Beautifil Flow Plus X became smoother after the first 2500 cycles (p ≤ 0.001), and no material became significantly rougher. At 10,000 cycles, Filtek Supreme Ultra Universal was rougher than the three flowables. ΔE00 differed among materials (p < 0.001) but not between intervals; Beautifil Flow Plus X changed the least (mean 0.408), less than Beautifil Flow Plus (0.886) and Filtek Supreme Ultra Universal (0.768), and no disc reached the 50:50% acceptability threshold of 1.8. Without an unbrushed control, ΔE00 reflects brushing, storage, and measurement combined. Under this protocol, Beautifil Flow Plus X became smoother and changed color the least.

Source: Polymers

DOI: 10.3390/polym18212615

Authors: Yasser Merdad, Razan Alharbi, Abeer Tashkandi, Renad Bakhaider, Asaad H. Doum, Mohammed A. Hanbazazah

Institutions: King Abdulaziz University, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, National Guard Health Affairs

Language: English

Topic: Dental materials and restorations

Subfield: General Dentistry

Field: Dentistry

Domain: Health Sciences

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,258

Funder: King Abdulaziz University