Work

Ultrasonic assisted deep eutectic solvents extraction of flavonoids from arils of Torreya grandis: RSM-ANN-GA optimization, extraction mechanism and bioactivities

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Torreya grandis nuts are an important traditional Chinese medicine and a delicious food, and total flavonoids (TF) are its important bioactive ingredients. However, the arils are casually discarded during the processing of nuts. In order to explore the active ingredients and make full use of the arils, in this study, an eco-friendly and efficient method, ultrasonic assisted deep eutectic solvent (UAE-DES) extraction, was established to extract TF of the T. grandis arils (TGA). Under the RSM-ANN-GA optimization, the extraction method yielded 11.047 ± 1.921 mg/g of TF, which significantly surpassed that of traditional extractions. 28 flavonoids were identified from the TF via UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Meanwhile, the obvious anti-inflammatory activities indicated that TF of TGA have an effective treatment on bronchitis by PI3K-AKT-MAPK pathway. Those findings demonstrate the high potential of UAE-DES extraction for the reuse and development of bioactive ingredients from the waste of traditional Chinese medicine and food.

Source: Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.108134