Work

Bovine leukemia virus and dairy youngstock: a narrative review of early-life transmission and its consequences for whole-herd control

Year: 2026

Type: review

Abstract: Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) is a retrovirus that causes a lifelong infection in cattle through the integration of proviral DNA into the host genome, creating immune dysfunction. Youngstock, females born and raised on dairy farms with the purpose of entering the milking herd, are exposed to BLV through both vertical and horizontal transmission risks. As youngstock progress through distinct management development periods (fetal and neonatal, preweaning, and post-weaning), each presents unique exposure risks that require different management strategies to aid in the mitigation of BLV. The failure to address BLV infection in youngstock allows infected replacement animals to enter the milking herd, undermining any mature cow-focused control strategies. The economic impacts may also be compounded by reduced return on investment in youngstock. Targeted interventions during the youngstock periods, informed by diagnostic screening for BLV and improved management strategies, are essential to disrupt the cycle of infected youngstock entering the milking herd. Incorporating BLV control measures with the entire herd offers a more sustainable approach to reducing BLV prevalence and limiting its long-term effects on animal health and profitability.

Source: Frontiers in Veterinary Science

DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2026.1911190

Authors: Madison E. Sokacz, Bo Norby, Kelly R. B. Sporer, Daniel D. Buskirk, Tasia M. Taxis

Institution: Michigan State University

Language: English

Topic: T-cell and Retrovirus Studies

Subfield: Immunology

Field: Immunology and Microbiology

Domain: Life Sciences

SDGs: Zero hunger, Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,801