Employment alternatives and labor market access for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities in Latin America: a scoping review
Year: 2026
Type: review
Study design: Systematic Review
Abstract: Objectives This scoping review maps and synthesizes evidence regarding employment models and labor market access for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in Latin America. It identifies key barriers, facilitators, and knowledge gaps in regional research and policy.Methods Following JBI guidance and PRISMA-ScR standards, a systematic search identified 22 studies published between 2006 and 2026. Data extraction utilized the population, concept, and context framework, followed by descriptive numerical analysis and reflexive thematic synthesis.Results A critical implementation gap persists between advanced legal frameworks and effective workplace inclusion. While Supported Employment is recognized as the most effective methodology, it is not yet formally institutionalized in several countries. Dominant barriers include symbolic adherence, family overprotection, employer stigma, and a benefit trap in which formal employment risks the loss of social subsidies. Potent facilitators include assistive technology and the attainment of higher education, which significantly reduce wage gaps.Conclusions Regional progress requires transitioning from welfare-based to rights-based strategies, prioritizing worker autonomy and institutional oversight. Future research must adopt participatory designs to incorporate the direct voices of individuals with IDD.
Institutions: Universidad Diego Portales, Viña del Mar University
Language: English
Subfield: Education
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
OpenAlex ID: W7223367385