The PETTLEP ‐Based Imagery Scale: A Content‐Mapping Account of Its Relationships with Imagery Ability
Year: 2026
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: The PETTLEP‐Based Imagery Scale (PBIS) measures how frequently athletes engage in imagery practices consistent with the seven PETTLEP components, operationalized as 10 subscales. The present study proposed and empirically tested a content‐mapping model of the relationship between imagery ability (Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire–Japanese version [SIAQ‐J]) and PETTLEP‐based imagery enactment, predicting a priori which SIAQ‐J dimensions should preferentially co‐occur with which PBIS subscales. In 604 Japanese collegiate athletes, three supporting analyses made this test interpretable: ordinal confirmatory factor analysis (diagonally weighted least squares) with item threshold estimation; item response theory modeling (graded response model) of score‐dependent measurement error; and a discriminant‐validity test using the heterotrait–monotrait ratio and the Fornell–Larcker criterion. Results supported the 10‐factor structure, ordered thresholds, lower measurement error at moderate‐to‐high engagement levels, and clear empirical separability of the two scales. Multivariate analyses supported the content‐mapping predictions. The combined SIAQ‐J and PBIS profile is discussed as a feedback tool for practitioners, within the limits of a cross‐sectional self‐report design.
Source: Japanese Psychological Research
DOI: 10.1111/jpr.70066
Authors: Seungmin Lee, Hiroyuki Horino
Institution: Waseda University
Language: English
Subfield: Developmental and Educational Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
OpenAlex ID: W7223413934