Work

Urea-functionalized Fe₃O₄@ TMU-16-NH₂ as a sorbent for magnetic solid-phase extraction of diazinon, teflubenzuron, and hexaflumuron followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: This study aimed to develop an innovative and efficient magnetic sorbent based on urea-modified magnetic TMU-16-NH₂ for magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE). Urea was selected as a suitable surface modifier for TMU-16-NH₂ because of its availability and functional groups capable of providing additional interaction sites for the target analytes, thereby enhancing the adsorption capability of the sorbent. In this regard, the proposed sorbent was used for the extraction of diazinon, teflubenzuron, and hexaflumuron. The extracted analytes were separated and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). The experimental parameters including sorbent amount, salt concentration, pH of sample solution, eluent volume, desorption time, and extraction time, were systematically studied and optimized. Under the optimal condition, the developed method exhibited good linearity in the concentration range of 0.50–200.00 μg L -1 for diazinon, 1.00–200.00 μg L -1 for hexaflumuron, and 2.00–200.00 μg L -1 for teflubenzuron. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) were in the range of 0.13-0.61 μg L⁻¹ and 0.43 to 2.01 μg L⁻¹, respectively. The enrichment factors (EFs) and absolute recoveries (%ARs) were also in the range of 255.00 to 310.00 and 63.25% to 77.50%, respectively. The prepared sorbent was able to be reused 9 times. The BAGI and AGREEprep scores were calculated to be 80.00 and 0.76, indicating favorable greenness characteristics of the analytical procedure. The validated method was applied for the analysis of selected real samples, including eggplant, bell pepper, orange, and potato, with acceptable relative and spiking recoveries (above 90%), indicating its reliability and applicability for the analysis of complex matrices.

Source: Talanta Open

DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2026.100698

Authors: Naghmeh Nikbakhsh, Milad Ghani, Heshmatollah Alinezhad, Jahan Bakhsh Raoof

Institution: University of Mazandaran

Language: English

Topic: Analytical chemistry methods development

Subfield: Analytical Chemistry

Field: Chemistry

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: Clean water and sanitation, Responsible consumption and production

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,190