Work

P2-type Na₀.₇MnO₂ layered oxide cathode for aqueous sodium-ion batteries: Synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical properties

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: The ever-increasing energy demand across the globe, coupled with intermittent nature of renewable energy, urges a cost-effective, safe, sustainable, and efficient energy storage systems. As such, aqueous sodium ion batteries (ASIBs) are promising alternative to the existing conventional energy storage technologies, particularly in large-scale stationary energy storage systems. Nevertheless, the development of high-capacity and stable ASIBs remains a scientific challenge. Herein, P2-type Na 0.7 MnO 2 material was synthesized using a solid-state method. The synthesized material was characterized using XRD, SEM-EDX, TEM, and Raman analyses to confirm its phase, structural, and compositional properties. Besides, the electrochemical performances of the as-synthesized material were evaluated in an aqueous environment using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic Voltammetry (CV), and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) in three-electrode setup. XRD and TEM confirmed the formation of phase-pure and highly crystalline P2-type Na 0.7 MnO 2 material with 0.55 nm interlayer distance in basal (002) planes. Moreover, a plate-like morphology was observed using SEM, the composition and distribution of elements in the sample were determined from the EDX analysis. The electrochemical performance evaluation of the material unveils its stability and potential capacity for ASIBs. CV profile reveals distinct peaks corresponding to Mn 3+ /Mn 4+ redox during sodium (de)intercalation. A diffusion coefficient of 4.627*10 -13 cm 2 /sec, 126 and 75 mAh g -1 initial and at the 100 th cycle discharge capacity with 60% capacity retention was observed. All told, the findings obtained in this study demonstrate that a tailored P2-type Na 0.7 MnO 2 material is a promising electrochemically active cathode for ASIBs in large-scale energy storage applications.

Source: International Journal of Electrochemical Science

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2026.101531

Authors: Tsegaye Sissay Tedla, Gift Rutavi, Ntuthuko Wonderboy Hlongwa, Thabo Thokozani Innocent Nkambule, Mesfin Abayneh Kebede

Institution: University of South Africa

Language: English

Topic: Aqueous and Flow Batteries

Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDG: Affordable and clean energy

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $1,670