A Novel Study on Quantitative Evaluation of Automation Levels in Transport and Technological Machines
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: The increasing integration of intelligent transport systems and automated control technologies requires quantitative tools for assessing automation performance beyond the qualitative SAE J3016 classification. Existing frameworks lack a unified analytical basis for comparing automation configurations in transport and technological machines (TTMs), particularly under varying operational conditions and human–machine interaction regimes. This study develops an analytical framework for the integrated assessment of automation level and efficiency in TTMs. A novel evaluation algorithm is proposed based on the functional redistribution between automated control systems and the human operator. The core of the model is an automation efficiency coefficient defined as the ratio between a technocenological automation criterion and a driver fatigue criterion expressed through equivalent active operator time. This formulation enables simultaneous quantitative and qualitative characterization of automation performance. Simulation modeling demonstrates a substantial reduction in operator involvement in control tasks, enabling derivation of an integral automation efficiency index. The proposed framework was applied to KamAZ-54901 platform, for which Level 3 automation was established. The calculated target automation efficiency function, representing the proportion of automated operations relative to manual control, reached 80.2%. The developed analytical apparatus provides a scalable methodology for performance-based automation assessment and supports comparative evaluation of automated control architectures in transport and technological systems.
Institution: Saint Petersburg Mining University
Language: English
Subfield: Human Factors and Ergonomics
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7223551216