Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Classical computers are powerful but fundamentally mundane: they operate through explicit, step-by-step instructions that force programmers to think locally and procedurally. Quantum technologies, by contrast, resemble magical instruments, capable of acting on superpositions, correlations, and entire collections of states at once. Yet, despite their magical nature, quantum computers are still programmed as if they were ordinary machines, relying on long sequences of low-level operations that obscure the underlying algorithmic ideas. Magic, however, is not performed by improvisation alone: it requires a spellbook. In this paper we position Qutes as a book of spells for quantum programmers, providing high-level commands that capture complex quantum behaviour behind concise and expressive syntax. We focus on the manipulation of quantum arrays, which naturally arise in many algorithms but are notoriously cumbersome to manage at the circuit level. We introduce three new array-oriented spells in Qutes: global initialization, parallel pairwise comparison, and parallel (optionally controlled) swap. Individually, these spells encapsulate non-trivial quantum procedures; when combined, they enable programmers to express algorithms in a way that is immediate, readable, and surprisingly elegant. As a final demonstration, we show how these spells can be assembled to produce a remarkably compact implementation of Bubble Sort. While algorithmically simple, this example illustrates a broader message: when the right abstractions are available, quantum programming can feel less like engineering machinery and more like magic.
Institutions: University of Catania, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Le Havre Normandie, Laboratoire d'Informatique, du Traitement de l'Information et des Systèmes, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Université de Rouen Normandie, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Rouen Normandie, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, National Institute for Astrophysics
Language: English
Subfield: Artificial Intelligence
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7223776469