Real-world treatment patterns in stage IB–IIIC non-small cell lung cancer in China: the KEY-RAISE study
Year: 2026
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in China. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer. The treatment landscape for early and locally advanced NSCLC changed considerably between 2019 and 2021. However, there are currently limited data available to inform optimal timing, sequencing, and combinations of different treatment modalities for early-stage NSCLC in China. Therefore, we conducted a real-world study of patients with stage IB-IIIC NSCLC in China to characterize treatment patterns and identify practice gaps. Methods: This retrospective, observational study was conducted at 10 sites across China in adults with newly diagnosed stage IB-IIIC NSCLC between January 01, 2019, and December 31, 2021 (identification period). The observation period was from treatment initiation to June 30, 2023. The primary outcomes included descriptions of treatment patterns by initial treatment modalities. Results: mutations were identified in 174 cases (exon 21 L858R 47.7%; exon 19 deletion 33.3%). Of the 761 patients who underwent surgery (R0 resection 96.2%; lobectomy 83.6%), most received surgery plus systemic therapy (74.0%), primarily adjuvant treatment (79.6%). The rate of non-surgical treatments increased with initial clinical stage. Of the 239 patients not undergoing surgery, 78.2% received systemic therapy alone and 21.8% radiotherapy plus systemic therapy [concurrent chemoradiotherapy (cCRT): 25.5%; sequential chemoradiotherapy (sCRT): 74.5%; immunotherapy consolidation: 26.9%]. Among the 600 patients who underwent surgery plus systemic therapy, 9.7% received neoadjuvant only, 79.7% adjuvant only, and 10.6% perioperative treatment, and the median real-world time on treatment (rwToT) was 2.1, 8.5, and 10.1 months, respectively. Conclusions: This study provides a reference for real-world treatment patterns for stage IB-IIIC NSCLC during the early immunotherapy period of treatment landscape change in China.
Institutions: Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Henan Cancer Hospital, West China Medical Center of Sichuan University, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, MSD (China) Investment Co., Ltd. (China), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology
Language: English
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7223858015