Work

Adaptive cranial simulation programme: matching procedural challenge and simulation capability to learner need

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Introduction Procedural simulation must provide meaningful learning for trainees with differing levels of operative experience. We developed a mixed-level cranial simulation programme designed to align procedural challenge, available simulation resources and faculty support with individual learner needs. Curriculum design and delivery A half-day cranial simulation programme was delivered twice annually, combining parallel foundational and advanced circuits, with procedural content informed by a previously published needs assessment. Activities were allocated according to operative experience, observed progression and anticipated clinical responsibilities rather than training grade alone. Readiness-based stretch tasks provided selected trainees with supervised exposure to more advanced procedural challenges. Implementation considerations Simulation modality, instrumentation and supporting technology were matched to procedural complexity and learning objectives. Authentic operative equipment and advanced simulation technologies were incorporated where appropriate, with industry partnerships supporting access to specialist resources. The parallel circuit structure enabled foundational and advanced activities to be delivered concurrently while concentrating specialist faculty, equipment and higher-capability simulation resources where they were most relevant to learner needs. Lessons learned and next steps This report describes curriculum design and implementation rather than effectiveness. Future development will extend selected stations from isolated technical skills towards scaffolded rehearsal of complete procedural workflows and integrate structured formative assessment throughout practice. A stable foundational curriculum with adaptable advanced content may provide a practical framework for supporting learners with differing levels of experience with a shared simulation programme.

Source: Frontiers in Surgery

DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2026.1977123