Work

High-Efficiency Graphene Oxide Moiré Lenses Enabled by Cyclic Self-Assembly and Laser Nanoprinting

Year: 2026

Type: preprint

Abstract: Compact optical systems with continuously tunable focal lengths are highly desirable for machine vision, biomedical imaging, and miniaturized cameras. Rotational Moiré lenses offer a planar approach to focal-length tuning, but metasurface-based implementations typically require complex nanofabrication processes that complicate large-area production. Here, we present a cyclic, mask-free fabrication strategy that combines layer-by-layer self-assembly of two-dimensional graphene oxide (GO) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) with femtosecond laser nanoprinting. Repeated GO-PDDA assembly and spatially selective ablation enable atomic-scale thickness control and the construction of precise multilevel phase profiles, reducing phase-quantization errors and improving focusing efficiency. The measured focusing efficiencies of individual GO lenses increase from 22.4% for two phase levels to 54.8% for six levels. Using this six-level modulation strategy, the fabricated GO Moiré lens achieves continuous focal-length tuning from approximately 10 to 90 mm. Full-colour imaging with magnifications ranging from 1X to 9X is experimentally demonstrated. These results establish a cyclic, mask-free fabrication strategy for efficient multilevel GO flat optics and demonstrate its potential for compact, reconfigurable imaging.

Source: arXiv (Cornell University)

DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2610.36373

Authors: Cao, Guiyuan, Du, Xinyuan, Lin, Han, Jia, Baohua, Wei, Shibiao

Institutions: Shenzhen University, RMIT University

Language: English

Topic: Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications

Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Field: Materials Science

Domain: Physical Sciences

Open Access status: green

Funders: National Natural Science Foundation of China, Shenzhen University, Australian Research Council

Awards: Laser nanoprinting of active graphene micro-tag for terahertz digital ID, Perpetual photothermal modulation with scalable hybrid graphene films, ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials, High yield adaptive laser nanomanufacturing system for photonic devices, Tailoring smart film for energy efficient protected cropping, Adaptive nanofabrication of monolithic multifunctional sensing chips, G635198917, G6713396392, ARC Centre of Excellence in Optical Microcombs for Breakthrough Science, G790823374, 4D compact infrared hyperspectral camera

OpenAlex ID: W7224118437

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