Subpercent accuracy in molecular electric quadrupole coupling: nuclear-size and relativistic effects in RaF
Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Abstract: We report a benchmark study of the electric-quadrupole hyperfine interaction in the electronic ground state of the RaF molecule, including finite-nuclear-size effects. The calculations include relativistic effects using the Dirac-Coulomb-Breit Hamiltonian and electron correlation up to perturbative quadruple excitations within the coupled cluster framework. At the achieved level of accuracy, penetration of the electronic density into the finite nuclear quadrupole distribution produces a non-negligible correction to the usual electric field gradient (EFG) description at the center of the nucleus and must be considered. At a fixed rms charge radius, the EFG is much less sensitive to the shape of the monopole nuclear charge distribution: electron wavefunctions computed using the Gaussian and Fermi nuclear charge models yield nearly identical EFGs. The recommended effective EFG parameter for the $X\,{}^{2}Σ_{1/2}$ electronic ground state is $\langle q\rangle_0=-5.178(21)$ a.u., with an estimated uncertainty reduced by an order of magnitude compared to previous studies. Combined with future measurements of electric-quadrupole hyperfine coupling constants in RaF, this result can be used to determine the nuclear quadrupole moments of Ra isotopes with record precision.
Source: arXiv (Cornell University)
Institution: KU Leuven
Language: English
Topic: Atomic and Molecular Physics
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7224125602