The Keller problem for the lowest positive eigenvalue of Dirac operators with Lorentz scalar potentials
Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Abstract: We study the Keller problem for the Dirac operator $\mathcal{D}_m - Vβ$ in $\mathbb{R}^d$, and minimize its lowest positive eigenvalue over all potentials $V$ with prescribed $L^p$ norm. We prove that optimal potentials always exist and that the corresponding eigenspinors solve the nonlinear Soler equation. This provides a variational proof of existence of solitary waves for this equation. We prove that there are no zero modes for such operators in dimensions $1$ and $2$, and conjecture that zero mode may exist in dimension $3$. In dimension $d = 2$, we provide numerical evidence that the optimal potentials concentrate on flower-shape regions, which are not necessarily radial, showing that Faber--Krahn type results may fail for such Dirac operators. In dimension $1$, all quantities are explicit.
Source: arXiv (Cornell University)
Authors: Gontier, David, Bosch, Hanne Van Den
Language: English
Subfield: Mathematical Physics
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7224129133