Year: 2026
Type: preprint
Abstract: We demonstrate the formation and subsequent evolution of Julia--Zee dyons in $(3+1)$-dimensional classical lattice simulations of an $\mathrm{SU}(2)\to\mathrm{U}(1)$ symmetry-breaking model in an expanding background. The gauge and Higgs fields are prepared thermally, subjected to an ultraviolet filter, and evolved through a mass quench and subsequent expansion. Classical dyons can carry continuous electric charge, and we find charge magnitudes exceeding four times the electric charge unit $g$. Their measured electric-charge magnitudes tend to decrease during the subsequent evolution, consistent with charge exchange with the surrounding fields. At late times, the magnetic monopoles persist while the number of dyons and their observed charge range decrease, with only a few identified dyons remaining at the end of the simulations.
Source: arXiv (Cornell University)
Author: Yamada, Masaki
Institution: Tohoku University
Language: English
Subfield: Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
Award: 初期宇宙のインフレーション後の熱平衡化に関する研究
OpenAlex ID: W7224131019